Editorial Staff - - C Programming Tutorial
Today, we will explain a simple C program to construct a B tree. We have not used any number validation in this program as it is designed for beginners for learning purpose.
Copy below c program and execute it with c compiler to see the output of the program.
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struct btreeNode *link[MAX + 1]; }; struct btreeNode *root; /* creating new node */ struct btreeNode * createNode(int val, struct btreeNode *child) { struct btreeNode *newNode; newNode = (struct btreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(struct btreeNode)); newNode->val[1] = val; newNode->count = 1; newNode->link[0] = root; newNode->link[1] = child; return newNode; } /* Places the value in appropriate position */ void addValToNode(int val, int pos, struct btreeNode *node, struct btreeNode *child) { int j = node->count; while (j > pos) { node->val[j + 1] = node->val[j]; node->link[j + 1] = node->link[j]; j--; } node->val[j + 1] = val; node->link[j + 1] = child; node->count++; } /* split the node */ void splitNode (int val, int *pval, int pos, struct btreeNode *node, struct btreeNode *child, struct btreeNode **newNode) { int median, j; if (pos > MIN) median = MIN + 1; else median = MIN; *newNode = (struct btreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(struct btreeNode)); j = median + 1; while (j <= MAX) { (*newNode)->val[j - median] = node->val[j]; (*newNode)->link[j - median] = node->link[j]; j++; } node->count = median; (*newNode)->count = MAX - median; if (pos <= MIN) { addValToNode(val, pos, node, child); } else { addValToNode(val, pos - median, *newNode, child); } *pval = node->val[node->count]; (*newNode)->link[0] = node->link[node->count]; node->count--; } /* sets the value val in the node */ int setValueInNode(int val, int *pval, struct btreeNode *node, struct btreeNode **child) { int pos; if (!node) { *pval = val; *child = NULL; return 1; } if (val < node->val[1]) { pos = 0; } else { for (pos = node->count; (val < node->val[pos] && pos > 1); pos--); if (val == node->val[pos]) { printf("Duplicates not allowed\n"); return 0; } } if (setValueInNode(val, pval, node->link[pos], child)) { if (node->count < MAX) { addValToNode(*pval, pos, node, *child); } else { splitNode(*pval, pval, pos, node, *child, child); return 1; } } return 0; } /* insert val in B-Tree */ void insertion(int val) { int flag, i; struct btreeNode *child; flag = setValueInNode(val, &i, root, &child); if (flag) root = createNode(i, child); } /* copy successor for the value to be deleted */ void copySuccessor(struct btreeNode *myNode, int pos) { struct btreeNode *dummy; dummy = myNode->link[pos]; for (;dummy->link[0] != NULL;) dummy = dummy->link[0]; myNode->val[pos] = dummy->val[1]; } /* removes the value from the given node and rearrange values */ void removeVal(struct btreeNode *myNode, int pos) { int i = pos + 1; while (i <= myNode->count) { myNode->val[i - 1] = myNode->val[i]; myNode->link[i - 1] = myNode->link[i]; i++; } myNode->count--; } /* shifts value from parent to right child */ void doRightShift(struct btreeNode *myNode, int pos) { struct btreeNode *x = myNode->link[pos]; int j = x->count; while (j > 0) { x->val[j + 1] = x->val[j]; x->link[j + 1] = x->link[j]; } x->val[1] = myNode->val[pos]; x->link[1] = x->link[0]; x->count++; x = myNode->link[pos - 1]; myNode->val[pos] = x->val[x->count]; myNode->link[pos] = x->link[x->count]; x->count--; return; } /* shifts value from parent to left child */ void doLeftShift(struct btreeNode *myNode, int pos) { int j = 1; struct btreeNode *x = myNode->link[pos - 1]; x->count++; x->val[x->count] = myNode->val[pos]; x->link[x->count] = myNode->link[pos]->link[0]; x = myNode->link[pos]; myNode->val[pos] = x->val[1]; x->link[0] = x->link[1]; x->count--; while (j <= x->count) { x->val[j] = x->val[j + 1]; x->link[j] = x->link[j + 1]; j++; } return; } /* merge nodes */ void mergeNodes(struct btreeNode *myNode, int pos) { int j = 1; struct btreeNode *x1 = myNode->link[pos], *x2 = myNode->link[pos - 1]; x2->count++; x2->val[x2->count] = myNode->val[pos]; x2->link[x2->count] = myNode->link[0]; while (j <= x1->count) { x2->count++; x2->val[x2->count] = x1->val[j]; x2->link[x2->count] = x1->link[j]; j++; } j = pos; while (j < myNode->count) { myNode->val[j] = myNode->val[j + 1]; myNode->link[j] = myNode->link[j + 1]; j++; } myNode->count--; free(x1); } /* adjusts the given node */ void adjustNode(struct btreeNode *myNode, int pos) { if (!pos) { if (myNode->link[1]->count > MIN) { doLeftShift(myNode, 1); } else { mergeNodes(myNode, 1); } } else { if (myNode->count != pos) { if(myNode->link[pos - 1]->count > MIN) { doRightShift(myNode, pos); } else { if (myNode->link[pos + 1]->count > MIN) { doLeftShift(myNode, pos + 1); } else { mergeNodes(myNode, pos); } } } else { if (myNode->link[pos - 1]->count > MIN) doRightShift(myNode, pos); else mergeNodes(myNode, pos); } } } /* delete val from the node */ int delValFromNode(int val, struct btreeNode *myNode) { int pos, flag = 0; if (myNode) { if (val < myNode->val[1]) { pos = 0; flag = 0; } else { for (pos = myNode->count; (val < myNode->val[pos] && pos > 1); pos--); if (val == myNode->val[pos]) { flag = 1; } else { flag = 0; } } if (flag) { if (myNode->link[pos - 1]) { copySuccessor(myNode, pos); flag = delValFromNode(myNode->val[pos], myNode->link[pos]); if (flag == 0) { printf("Given data is not present in B-Tree\n"); } } else { removeVal(myNode, pos); } } else { flag = delValFromNode(val, myNode->link[pos]); } if (myNode->link[pos]) { if (myNode->link[pos]->count < MIN) adjustNode(myNode, pos); } } return flag; } /* delete val from B-tree */ void deletion(int val, struct btreeNode *myNode) { struct btreeNode *tmp; if (!delValFromNode(val, myNode)) { printf("Given value is not present in B-Tree\n"); return; } else { if (myNode->count == 0) { tmp = myNode; myNode = myNode->link[0]; free(tmp); } } root = myNode; return; } /* search val in B-Tree */ void searching(int val, int *pos, struct btreeNode *myNode) { if (!myNode) { return; } if (val < myNode->val[1]) { *pos = 0; } else { for (*pos = myNode->count; (val < myNode->val[*pos] && *pos > 1); (*pos)--); if (val == myNode->val[*pos]) { printf("Given data %d is present in B-Tree", val); return; } } searching(val, pos, myNode->link[*pos]); return; } /* B-Tree Traversal */ void traversal(struct btreeNode *myNode) { int i; if (myNode) { for (i = 0; i < myNode->count; i++) { traversal(myNode->link[i]); printf("%d ", myNode->val[i + 1]); } traversal(myNode->link[i]); } } int main() { int val, ch; while (1) { printf("1. Insertion\t2. Deletion\n"); printf("3. Searching\t4. Traversal\n"); printf("5. Exit\nEnter your choice:"); scanf("%d", &ch); switch (ch) { case 1: printf("Enter your input:"); scanf("%d", &val); insertion(val); break; case 2: printf("Enter the element to delete:"); scanf("%d", &val); deletion(val, root); break; case 3: printf("Enter the element to search:"); scanf("%d", &val); searching(val, &ch, root); break; case 4: traversal(root); break; case 5: exit(0); default: printf("U have entered wrong option!!\n"); break; } printf("\n"); } } |
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